Maturational changes in dentin mineral properties

In this study the changes in properties of the maturing mantle and circumpulpal dentin were quantitatively analyzed. Sections from six fetal bovine undecalcified incisors were used. Regions of mantle and circumpulpal dentin of sequential maturation stages were identified on spectroscopic images acquired by Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging. Spectroscopic parameters corresponding to mineral properties at these stages were analyzed and reported as a function of distance from the cervix of the incisor, the latter representing tissue age. Mineral parameters were correlated with distance from the cervix. Values of these parameters in mantle and circumpulpal dentin were compared. A multi-phasic pattern of changes was found for all the parameters examined, with most of the alterations occurring in the initial maturation period. The patterns of temporal variation in mantle and circumpulpal dentin mineral properties show distinct developmental stages and were not identical for the two dentin compartments. The study showed that mineral maturation in dentin is not a linear process and that mantle dentin is developmentally distinct from circumpulpal dentin, presenting at certain stages different physicochemical events during the maturation of the tissue

Learning Future Math Teachers to Solve the Problems of Graph Theory Using GeoGebra

Підготовка фахівців у галузі математики, комп'ютерних та технічних наук, учителів природничо-математичних спеціальностей передбачає вивчення різних розділів сучасної математики, серед яких теорія графів займає особливе місце в силу своєї затребуваності у різних галузях людської діяльності. Формулювання проблеми. Теорія графів позиціонується як наука про абстрактні об'єкти та зв'язки між ними, що, у свою чергу, обумовлює формалізацію умов типових задач, їх відрив від реальності, й у багатьох випадках передбачає виконання громіздких обчислень, результат яких не лише «не відчувається» студентами, але й часто відштовхує своєю формалізованістю. Це спричиняє труднощі у сприйнятті студентами навчального матеріалу з теорії графів, а тому виникає потреба у пошуку шляхів їх уникнення. Метою статті є опис методичного підходу у навчанні майбутніх вчителів математики розв'язувати задачі теорії графів, умови яких «прив'язуються» до місцевого матеріалу і передбачають формування у майбутніх фахівців уміння застосовувати набуті знання на практиці, із використаннямпрограми GeoGebra. Матеріали і методи. Аналіз та систематизація науково-педагогічної літератури з використання спеціалізованих програмних засобів при вивченні різних галузей вищої математики, зокрема, дискретної математики. Емпіричний аналіз комп'ютерного інструментарію програмних засобів предметного спрямування у контексті розв'язування задач теорії графів та візуалізації результатів. Результати. Аналіз комп'ютерного інструментарію окремих програм динамічної математики дозволив виділити специфічні комп'ютерні інструменти, орієнтовані на теорію графів Нами пропонується використання GeoGebra, де розробниками закладено різноманітні інструменти для роботи з графами, які зосереджені у розділі Дискретная математика: діаграма Вороного, триангуляція Делоне, задача комівояжера, найкоротша відстань, мінімальне кістякове дерево, опукла оболонка. Зауважимо, що використання програми GeoGebra дозволяє не тільки розв'язати типові задачі курсу, а і пов'язати кожну задачу з реальною життєвою ситуацією через використання місцевого матеріалу та його візуалізацію. Висновки. Попередні результати навчання підтверджують ефективність описаного підходу та доцільність використання саме програми GeoGebra при вивченні теорії графів.Training of specialists in the field of mathematics, computer and technical sciences, teachers of natural and mathematical specialties involves the study of various sections of modern mathematics, among which the theory of graphs occupies a special place due to its demand in various fields of human activity. Formulation of the problem. Graph theory is positioned as a science about abstract objects and relations between them, which, in turn, causes the formalization of the conditions of typical tasks, their separation from reality, and in many cases involves the implementation of cumbersome calculations, the result of which is not only "not felt" by students, but often repulses because of their formalism. This makes it difficult for students to perceive study material on graph theory, and therefore there is a need to find ways to avoid them. Materials and methods. Analysis and systematization of scientific and pedagogical literature on the use of specialized software in the study of various areas of higher mathematics, in particular, discrete mathematics. Empirical analysis of computer tools for object-oriented software in the context of solving the problems of graph theory and visualizing the results of solving. Results. The authors see such a way in the use of computer visualization tools, namely, dynamic mathematics software. Analysis of the toolkit of some dynamic mathematics software allowed to allocate specific computer tools focused on graph theory. We are offered a dynamic mathematics software GeoGebra to support the study of graph theory. Typically, the use of software in studying graph theory reduces to the simple construction of the vertices and edges of the graph, the definition of some graph characteristics (planar, eulerism, etc.) and the execution of a number of elementary actions (the definition of degrees of vertices, the construction of a frame tree, the search for the shortest paths between vertices in a weighted the graph). GeoGebra developers have more diverse tools for working with graphs, which are concentrated in the Discrete Mathematics section: Voronoi diagram, Delaunay triangulation, the travelling salesman problem, the shortest distance, the minimum spanning tree, and the convex shell. Note that the use of the GeoGebra allows not only to solve these tasks, but also to link each task with a real life situation using local material and its visualization. Conclusions. The preliminary learning outcomes confirm the effectiveness of the described approach and the feasibility of using the GeoGebra in studying graph theory

Changes in matrix phosphorylation during bovine dentin development

Phosphorylation of the organic matrix proteins of dentin is important for the initiation of mineralization, but its relevance in later mineralization stages is controversial. The objective of this study was to analyze changes in the total matrix phosphate content during dentin development and to identify their origin. Amino acid and total matrix phosphate analyses of microdissected developing mantle and circumpulpal fetal bovine dentin specimens were performed. The amino acid composition showed few changes during mantle and circumpulpal dentin maturation. However, the total matrix phosphate content showed a significant, positive correlation with tissue maturation in both mantle and circumpulpal dentin, with a two- and a three-fold increase, respectively, being observed. The data indicate that changes occur in the pattern of phosphorylation of matrix proteins during dentin maturation, which we suggest may play a functional role in later stages of tooth mineralization

Неврологические проявления иксодового клещевого боррелиоза, ассоциированного с хроническим описторхозом, в Томской области

A comparative analysis of neurological manifestations in patients with acute ixodic tick-borne borreliosis (ITB) and patients with ITB associated with chronic opisthorchiasis has been carried out. It has been found that at ITB in the acute phase, nearly all parts of the nervous system are involved in the pathological process. Diseases of central parts of the nervous system were found in 86.7% patients with the monoinfection and in 96.7% patients with ITB associated with chronic opisthorchiasis, diseases of the vegetative part were found in 75.0 and 83.3% patients, and peripheral failures were found in 18.3 and 48.3% patients, respectively. In the structure of neurological pathology of the acute stage of ITB with chronic opisthorchiasis, the prevalence of the combined disease of different parts of the nervous system (93.3%), the more frequent occurrence (96.7%) and higher intensity of headaches (more than 4 points by the visual analog scale), vertigo (76.7%), cognitive failures (35.0%), signs of the vegetative disfunction syndrome (95.0%), and peripheral neuropathy (48.3%) were diagnosed.Проведен сравнительный анализ неврологических проявлений у 60 пациентов с острым иксодовым клещевым боррелиозом (ИКБ) и 60 больных с острым ИКБ на фоне хронического описторхоза. Установлено, что при ИКБ острой стадии в патологический процесс вовлекаются практически все отделы нервной системы. Так, поражение центральных отделов нервной системы выявлено у 86,7% больных с моноинфекцией и у 96,7% — с ИКБ на фоне хронического описторхоза, вегетативного отдела — у 75,0 и 83,3% и периферические расстройства — у 18,3 и 48,3% соответственно. В структуре неврологической патологии острой стадии ИКБ на фоне хронического описторхоза констатировали преобладание комбинированного поражения различных отделов нервной системы (93,3%), более значимую частоту регистрации (96,7%) и бóльшую выраженность головных болей (по визуальный аналоговой шкале более 4 баллов), головокружения (76,7%), когнитивных расстройств (35,0%), проявлений синдрома вегетативной дисфункции (95,0%) и периферических нейропатий (48,3%)

Клещевой вирусный энцефалит в Томской области за последние 10 лет

In the given work had been lead the analysis of epidemiological data TBE for 1999—2009 on Tomsk area. The information on quantity imparted against tick-borne encephalitis, about results of research of pincers and blood at the persons who have addressed on points prevention of tick-borne encephalitis and about quantity of the diseased tick-borne encephalitis is presented. Analysis of a complex of preventive actions is spent. The reasons of formation of the long maintenance of a virus tick-borne encephalitis in blood are shown.Представлен анализ итогов эпидемических сезонов по клещевому энцефалиту 1999—2009 гг. по Томской области. Дана информация о количестве привитых против клещевого энцефалита, о результатах исследования клещей и крови у лиц, обратившихся на пункты серопрофилактики, и о количестве заболевших клещевым энцефалитом. Проведен разбор комплекса профилактических мероприятий. Показаны причины формирования длительного антигеноносительства вируса клещевого энцефалита

14-3-3epsilon contributes to tumour suppression in laryngeal carcinoma by affecting apoptosis and invasion

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>14-3-3epsilon regulates a wide range of biological processes, including cell cycle control, proliferation, and apoptosis, and plays a significant role in neurogenesis and the formation of malignant tumours. However, the exact function and regulatory mechanism of 14-3-3epsilon in carcinogenesis have not been elucidated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The expression of <it>14-3-3epsilon </it>was assessed by RT-PCR and western blotting. The invasiveness and viability of Hep-2 cells were determined by the transwell migration assay and MTT assay, respectively. Cell cycle and apoptosis of Hep-2 cells were detected by flow cytometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mRNA and protein expression of <it>14-3-3epsilon </it>in larynx squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues were significantly lower than those in clear surgical margin tissues. Statistical analysis showed that the 14-3-3epsilon protein level in metastatic lymph nodes was lower than that in paired tumour tissues. In addition, the protein level of 14-3-3epsilon in stage III or IV tumours was significantly lower than that in stage I or II tumours. Compared with control Hep-2 cells, the percentages of viable cells in the 14-3-3epsilon-GFP and negative control GFP groups were 36.68 ± 14.09% and 71.68 ± 12.10%, respectively. The proportions of S phase were 22.47 ± 3.36%, 28.17 ± 3.97% and 46.15 ± 6.82%, and the apoptotic sub-G1 populations were 1.23 ± 1.02%, 2.92 ± 1.59% and 13.72 ± 3.89% in the control, negative control GFP and 14-3-3epsilon-GFP groups, respectively. The percentages of the apoptotic cells were 0.84 ± 0.25%, 1.08 ± 0.24% and 2.93 ± 0.13% in the control, negative control GFP and 14-3-3epsilon-GFP groups, respectively. The numbers of cells that penetrated the filter membrane in the control, negative control GFP and 14-3-3epsilon-GFP groups were 20.65 ± 1.94, 17.63 ± 1.04 and 9.1 ± 0.24, respectively, indicating significant differences among the different groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Decreased expression of <it>14-3-3epsilon </it>in LSCC tissues contributes to the initiation and progression of LSCC. <it>14-3-3epsilon </it>can promote apoptosis and inhibit the invasiveness of LSCC.</p

Катамнез результатов лечения больных с острым иксодовым клещевым боррелиозом

The aim of the work is to study the efficiency of different antibacterial medication combinations for the treatment of patients with acute Lyme mite borreliosis. 156 patients aged 20—76 have been on regular medical check-up. Different penicillin and tetracycline antibiotics have been applied as well as cephalosporins of 1 and 3 generation. The treatment duration has been 7—14 days. The duration of general intoxication syndrome, terms of clinical symptom dissapearance, antibody titer dynamics in indirect immunofluorescence reaction with borreliosis antigen, presence of side actions and long-term results of the treatment have been taken into account in the evaluation of different antibiotic combination efficiency. 1 year after discharge from the hospital 69,2% of observed persons considered themselves healthy, 15,4% obtained the diagnosis of chronic clinical LMB with predominant joint or nervous system damages. Thus, analysis of the investigation result shows that currently used etiotropic therapy regimens are not sufficiently effective. They allow recovery of 69,2% of patients with acute Lyme mite borreliosis only.Цель работы — изучить эффективность различных антибактериальных препаратов для лечения больных острым иксодовым клещевым боррелиозом (ИКБ). На диспансерном наблюдении находилось 156 пациентов в возрасте от 20 до 76 лет. Применялись различные сочетания антибиотиков пенициллинового и тетрациклинового рядов, а также цефалоспорины 1-го и 3-го поколения. Продолжительность лечения составила 7—14 сут. При оценке эффективности принимались во внимание продолжительность синдрома общей интоксикации, сроки исчезновения клинических симптомов, динамика титров антител в непрямой реакции иммунофлюоресценции с боррелиозным антигеном, наличие побочных действий препаратов и отдаленные результаты лечения. Через 1 год после выписки из стационара 69,2% наблюдаемых считали себя здоровыми, у 15,4% была диагностирована хроническая манифестная форма ИКБ с преимущественным поражением суставов либо нервной системы. Анализ результатов исследования свидетельствует о том, что использующиеся в настоящее время схемы этиотропной терапии недостаточно эффективны. Они позволяют добиться выздоровления лишь у 69,2% пациентов с острым ИКБ

Клинико-иммунологические аспекты клещевого энцефалита

In this article results of the clinical-immunological analysis with different forms tick-borne encephalitis of Tomsk Region during the period from 2000 to 2008 are represented. The revealled disbalance of cytokines alongside with breach of the expressions cytokines's receptor by limphocytes's cells, can be one of the main of the reasons to inefficiency answer when introducing the infectious agent in organism and shaping the chronic form to infectious pathology, in particular, with long presence of the antigen of the virus tick-borne encephalitis in blood. The trend to increase the level sick with long presence of the antigen of the virus tick-borne encephalitis in blood, with prevalence of the persons feminine flap, mainly average and senior age for the last years is given.Приведены результаты клинико-иммунологического анализа больных с различными формами клещевого энцефалита по Томской области за период с 2000 по 2008 г. Выявленный цитокиновый дисбаланс наряду с нарушением экспрессии цитокиновых рецепторов лимфоцитарными клетками может служить одной из главных причин неэффективности иммунного ответа при внедрении инфекционного агента в организм и формирования хронической формы инфекционной патологии, в частности длительного антигеноносительства вируса клещевого энцефалита. Установлена тенденция к росту числа больных с длительным антигеноносительством вируса клещевого энцефалита с преобладанием среди них лиц женского пола преимущественно среднего и старшего возраста

Identification of novel candidate target genes, including EPHB3, MASP1 and SST at 3q26.2–q29 in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The underlying genetic alterations for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) carcinogenesis are largely unknown.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>High-resolution array- CGH was performed to identify the differences in the patterns of genomic imbalances between SCC and AC of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>On a genome-wide profile, SCCs showed higher frequency of gains than ACs (<it>p </it>= 0.067). More specifically, statistically significant differences were observed across the histologic subtypes for gains at 2q14.2, 3q26.2–q29, 12p13.2–p13.33, and 19p13.3, as well as losses at 3p26.2–p26.3, 16p13.11, and 17p11.2 in SCC, and gains at 7q22.1 and losses at 15q22.2–q25.2 occurred in AC (<it>P </it>< 0.05). The most striking difference between SCC and AC was gains at the 3q26.2–q29, occurring in 86% (19/22) of SCCs, but in only 21% (3/14) of ACs. Many significant genes at the 3q26.2–q29 regions previously linked to a specific histology, such as EVI1,<it>MDS1, PIK3CA </it>and <it>TP73L</it>, were observed in SCC (<it>P </it>< 0.05). In addition, we identified the following possible target genes (> 30% of patients) at 3q26.2–q29: <it>LOC389174 </it>(3q26.2),<it>KCNMB3 </it>(3q26.32),<it>EPHB3 </it>(3q27.1), <it>MASP1 </it>and <it>SST </it>(3q27.3), <it>LPP </it>and <it>FGF12 </it>(3q28), and <it>OPA1</it>,<it>KIAA022</it>,<it>LOC220729</it>, <it>LOC440996</it>,<it>LOC440997</it>, and <it>LOC440998 </it>(3q29), all of which were significantly targeted in SCC (<it>P </it>< 0.05). Among these same genes, high-level amplifications were detected for the gene, <it>EPHB3</it>, at 3q27.1, and <it>MASP1 </it>and <it>SST</it>, at 3q27.3 (18, 18, and 14%, respectively). Quantitative real time PCR demonstrated array CGH detected potential candidate genes that were over expressed in SCCs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Using whole-genome array CGH, we have successfully identified significant differences and unique information of chromosomal signatures prevalent between the SCC and AC subtypes of NSCLC. The newly identified candidate target genes may prove to be highly attractive candidate molecular markers for the classification of NSCLC histologic subtypes, and could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of the squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.</p